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INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF

CancerGenetics

• The Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy Response: Challenges and Opportunities in Precision Oncology

• Kiana hajavi,^1,* Negar khaki ,²
  1. Azad university
  2. Medical university and Azad university
  
  
  
• Introduction: Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a transformative approach in oncology, leveraging the body’s immune system to specifically target and destroy malignant cells. Despite remarkable successes in certain cancer types, the complex interplay between the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immunotherapeutic agents presents significant challenges that limit treatment efficacy. This essay explores the intricate relationship between the TME and immunotherapy response, highlighting recent advances and future directions in overcoming these barriers. The Tumor Microenvironment: A Barrier to Effective Immunotherapy The TME represents a complex ecosystem comprising cancer cells, immune cells, stromal cells, extracellular matrix, and various soluble factors. This heterogeneous environment significantly influences immunotherapy outcomes through multiple mechanisms. The immunosuppressive nature of the TME, characterized by the presence of regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and tumor-associated macrophages, actively inhibits anti-tumor immune responses.molecular-cancer.biomedcentral Physical barriers within solid tumors further impede immune cell infiltration, limiting the effectiveness of cellular therapies such as CAR-T cells.
• Methods: Current Immunotherapeutic Approaches and Their Limitations Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors, have revolutionized cancer treatment by enhancing the body’s immune response against tumors. These therapies have shown substantial benefits in melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and various lymphomas.sciencedirect However, primary and acquired resistance remains a significant challenge, largely attributed to the immunosuppressive TME and tumor-intrinsic mechanisms. CAR-T Cell Therapy Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in hematologic malignancies, particularly B-cell leukemias and lymphomas, through genetic modification of T-cells to target tumor-specific antigens.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih Despite these successes, the effectiveness of CAR-T cells in solid tumors remains limited due to physical barriers that impede cellular infiltration and the immunosuppressive TME that compromises T-cell function and persistence.
• Results: The intricate relationship between the TME and immunotherapy response presents both challenges and opportunities in cancer treatment. While the immunosuppressive TME poses significant barriers to effective immunotherapy, recent advances in understanding and modulating this complex ecosystem offer promising strategies to enhance therapeutic outcomes. By integrating multi-modal approaches, leveraging nanomedicine technologies, and embracing personalized treatment strategies, we can overcome the limitations of current immunotherapies and improve outcomes for cancer patients worldwide.
• Conclusion: As we continue to unravel the complexities of the TME and refine our immunotherapeutic approaches, collaboration across disciplines and international borders becomes increasingly important. This international congress provides an ideal platform for sharing knowledge, fostering innovation, and advancing our collective mission to transform cancer treatment through effective immunotherapy.
• Keywords: Tumor Microenvironment Immunotherapy Cancer Oncology