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INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF

CancerGenetics

• Harnessing Oncolytic Viruses for Targeted Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Promises and Challenges

• Samane Lotfipour,^1,* Rosa Jahangiri,² Abbasali Raz,³
  1. Department of Medical Biotechnology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran. Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
  2. Department of Medical Biotechnology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran. Medicinal Plants Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
  3. Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
  
  
  
• Introduction: Considered an alternative treatment, some have argued that biological therapy may have the same effectiveness as chemotherapy, radiation and surgery. One focus of biological therapy, oncolytic viruses (OVs), has been the subject of attention and has yielded favorable results. A high molecular level subtype of breast cancer with little to no receptor appreciation and overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and difficulty to treat with endocrine and anti-HER-2 therapies is called triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). One of the subtypes of breast cancer with a high level of risk is highly invasive, recurrent, and has a tendency to metastasize. Most patients with breast cancer have a TNBC diagnosis. Drug resistance and poor prognosis emphasizes the pressing need to develop more effective therapeutic TNBC options, despite positive responses.
• Methods: In this review we explored articles about oncolytic viruses for targeted treatment of triple-negative breast cancer in google scholar and pubmed data bases.
• Results: The novel concept of oncolytic viruses is an exciting paradigm shift with potential to transform treatment of triple-negative breast cancer capable of metastasis. OVs have made significant progress in the treatment of breast cancer by selectively killing tumor cells and boosting immunological responses, which improve antitumor effects. In certain tumors, OVs have shown efficacy on par with surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy. Because OVs can proliferate inside tumor cells, they are attractive options for treating TNBC because they can directly lyse tumor cells, destroy tumor vasculature, and activate both innate and adaptive immune responses, all of which have anticancer effects. They can transform ‘cold’ tumors to ‘hot’ tumors while simultaneously delivering remarkable target genes and synthesizing therapeutic agents in tumor cells. These benefits prove to be a significant advantage in comparison to endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, or irradiation. In addition, the tumor cell selectivity associated with OVs lowers the associated side effects on the rest of the body and the rate of resistance that develops to the therapeutic agents. Additionally, they maintain a long-lasting anticancer impact by stimulating the immune system upon reproduction.
• Conclusion: Thus, it is essential to look into the viability of using OVs to treat TNBC to open up new research directions and create a cutting-edge clinical therapy platform. An outline of recent developments in the use of OVs as a tool for precise TNBC treatment is given in this review.
• Keywords: Triple-negative breast cancer, oncolytic virus, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, combined therapy