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INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF

CancerGenetics

• Epigenetics and Cancer Signaling

• Kimiyayarahmadi ,^1,* Sogol Taher ,²
  
  
  
• Introduction: IntroductionEpigenetics, the study of gene expression regulation without altering the DNA sequence, has become a pivotal field due to its profound implications for health and disease, particularly cancer. Emerging in the early 20th century, its exploration deepened with recent technological and molecular biology advancements, revealing that factors like DNA methylation and histone modifications control gene activation or silencing. This field bridges genetic predisposition and environmental influences, such as lifestyle and exposures, which can trigger abnormal cell growth—a cancer hallmark. As research probes epigenetic mechanisms and cancer signaling pathways, it underscores their role in normal cellular functions and oncogenic processes. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing
• Methods: MethodsEpigenetic research employs diverse methods to unravel gene regulation. DNA methylation is analyzed using bisulfite sequencing to detect methyl group additions that silence genes, while ChIP-seq maps histone modifications (e.g., acetylation, methylation) to assess chromatin accessibility. Non-coding RNAs, including miRNAs, are studied via RNA sequencing to explore their regulatory roles. Chromatin remodeling effects on rRNA genes are investigated with imaging and molecular assays (Santoro and Grummt, 2020). Cancer signaling pathways like PI3K-AKT and MAPK are probed using pathway-specific inhibitors and epigenetic drugs (e.g., DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors) in clinical trials. Computational tools integrate these data, with studies
• Results: ResultsThese methods have yielded significant findings. DNA methylation silences tumor suppressor genes, and histone modifications activate oncogenes, driving tumorigenesis, as noted by Park and Han (2022). Clinical trials with epigenetic drugs show promise, reactivating silenced genes and enhancing chemotherapy or immunotherapy efficacy, addressing drug resistance (Yu et al., 2023). Non-coding RNAs and pathway cross-talk (e.g., MAPK-TGF-beta) add complexity, offering new therapeutic targets (O’Neill and Anderson, 2022). For instance, a patient with silenced tumor suppressors benefited from drug-induced reactivation, improving outcomes. However, challenges include epigenetic variability across cancers, potential side effects, and interpretation difficulties,
• Conclusion: ConclusionEpigenetics is transforming cancer research by elucidating how gene expression changes, driven by DNA methylation and histone modifications, fuel tumorigenesis. Therapeutic strategies using epigenetic drugs to reverse abnormal regulation show promise, enhancing treatment efficacy and overcoming resistance, supported by ongoing trials. Yet, challenges like epigenetic variability, long-term safety, and individual differences persist, requiring deeper investigation. Future efforts should integrate genomic profiling and precision medicine to map specific alterations, tailoring therapies to patient profiles. By addressing these hurdles with advanced technology and ethical oversight, epigenetics offers hope for improved cancer management
• Keywords: KeywordsEpigenetics, cancer, DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNAs, tumor suppresso