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INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF

CancerGenetics

• Epigenetic Alterations in Ovarian Cancer: Emerging Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Innovative Therapeutic Strategies

• mansour homayoun,^1,* neda mirzaie,²
  1. Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  2. Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  
  
  
• Introduction: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy worldwide. Early-stage cancer often is asymptomatic and difficult to detect. The delayed diagnosis of tumors, along with the tolerance to chemotherapeutic agents, results in elevated mortality rates for patients. Consequently, it is essential to recognize biomarkers that enable early detection and innovative targeted therapies that reduce the risk of recurrence. The pathogenesis of OC is associated with genetic and epigenetic alterations. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of epigenetic modifications in OC and to emphasize their importance as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as potential targets for epigenetic therapy.
• Methods: A comprehensive, systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The analysis focused on studies investigating key epigenetic modifications in OC, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNA expression dysregulation, and chromatin remodeling, and their clinical applications.
• Results: Our results confirms that specific epigenetic alterations, particularly DNA methylation patterns, occur early in carcinogenesis and hold significant potential as diagnostic biomarkers for early detection. Furthermore, tumor progression and chemoresistance are predominantly mediated by these epigenetic changes. Recent advances highlight the promise of innovative therapeutic strategies, such as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (e.g., Azacitidine), histone deacetylase inhibitors (e.g., Vorinostat), microRNA-based therapies, and synthetic lethality approaches for targeted epigenetic therapy.
• Conclusion: Epigenetic alterations serve as powerful biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis and present compelling targets for novel therapeutic interventions in ovarian cancer. Although the clinical use of these epigenetic-based approaches is still limited due to toxicity and insufficient specificity, understanding and utilizing epigenetic mechanisms in cancer management represents a promising field for future clinical research
• Keywords: ovarian cancer, epigenetic alterations, diagnosis, prognosis, Therapeutic strategies