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INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF

CancerGenetics

• Genomic interventions in oncology: Emerging Strategies to Address Cancer Therapy Limitations

• Afagh Bapirzadeh,^1,* Rozhin Khosroshahi,² Setayesh Dezvareh,³ Fatemeh Iranshahi,⁴ Tina Talebi,⁵
  1. Islamic Azad University
  2. Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences
  3. Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences
  4. Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences
  5. Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences
  
  
  
• Introduction: Cancer continues to pose a formidable challenge to global health, with projections indicating a notable rise in cancer incidence, estimated 12 to 13 percent between 2020 and 2025. While conventional treatments such as chemotherapy, monoclonal antibodies, and immunotherapy have brought progress, they remain hindered by high costs, resistance mechanisms, and undesirable side effects. Chemotherapy, for instance, often causes toxicity, fatigue, blood issues, and an impacted immune system, leaving unmet medical needs. Given their precision and epigenetic disruption limits at the heart of many cancers, gene editing technologies have emerged as a compelling alternative.
• Methods: Among these, CRISPR-Cas9 stands out for its precision, scalability, and adaptability. This review focuses on the promising applications of this tool, from early platforms like ZFNs and TALENs to the more versatile CRISPR systems. It also examines delivery methods—ranging from viral vectors to nanoparticles—and the targeting of genes that drive or safeguard DNA modifications. Preclinical evidence supports various oncogene silencing of oncogenes such as KRAS and MYC, restoration of tumor suppressor functions, and improved efficacy of engineered immune cells including CAR-T and CAR-NK.
• Results: Initial clinical trials suggest that CRISPR-edited therapies may offer safe and effective options for patients who have exhausted other treatments, with early reports indicating encouraging tumor regression and minimal treatment-related adverse effects.
• Conclusion: Nonetheless, challenges persist—delivery method optimization, off-target effects, and long-term safety chief among them. Moving forward, tailoring these tools to the precise molecular vulnerabilities will be essential to bring hope to cancer patients worldwide.
• Keywords: Cancer therapy, gene editing, CRISPR-CAS9, oncogenic silencing, HDR