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INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF

CancerGenetics

• The Human Microbiome in Cancer: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Potentials

• Mina Shirmohammadpour,¹ Arman Taran,² Bahman Mirzaei,^3,*
  1. Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
  2. Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
  3. Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
  
  
  
• Introduction: Emerging evidence highlights the pivotal role of the human microbiome—particularly gut, oral, and tumor-associated microbiota—in the initiation, progression, and treatment response of various cancers. This review explores the influence of microbiota on cancer development and treatment efficacy, identifying mechanistic insights and clinical implications.
• Methods: Recent studies from 2016 to 2024 were analyzed from PubMed and Scopus. Focus was placed on microbiome–immune interactions, microbial metabolites, and microbiota-based biomarkers or therapies.
• Results: Alterations in gut microbiota composition have been linked to colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancers via pro-inflammatory signaling and genotoxic metabolite production. The oral microbiome has been associated with head and neck cancers. Moreover, specific microbial signatures have shown predictive value for immunotherapy response in melanoma and lung cancer. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and probiotics are under investigation as modulators of treatment efficacy. Despite promising findings, the complexity and interindividual variability of the microbiome remain key limitations.
• Conclusion: The microbiome represents a novel frontier in oncology, serving as both a biomarker and therapeutic target. Integrating microbiome profiling into cancer diagnostics and personalized therapies holds strong potential but requires further clinical validation.
• Keywords: Microbiome, Cancer, Gut bacteria, Tumor microenvironment, FMT, Immunotherapy