INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF
CancerGenetics
Helicobacter pylori and the Role of the Gastric Bacterial Microbiome in Gastric Cancer
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Pouria Khodaei Ataloo,1,*
1. Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Introduction: More than a million new instances of gastric cancer were reported in 2018, making it the third most prevalent cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. An Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) infection results in atrophic gastritis by inflaming the gastric mucosa and destroying the glands that secrete hydrochloric acid. Chronic, inflammatory, and hypochloridic, atrophic gastritis has the potential to develop into gastric cancer. Hypochlorydia in atrophic gastritis may allow gastric microorganisms to colonize it, which is not generally seen under acidic circumstances. The preservation of homeostasis and the emergence of illness are two physiological and pathologic roles played by the human microbiome and its metabolites. Changes in the makeup of the gastric microbiome, or dysbiosis, are associated with a number of illnesses, including cancer. Knowing how host metabolic and inflammatory responses are affected by dysbiosis is essential to defining the role of the microbiota in cancer.
- Methods: This review article examines the carcinogenic role of the gastric microbiome, which is caused by complex communities of bacteria, after monitoring the studies that were searched in the Pub Med, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Relevant articles from 2015 to 2024 were chosen based on this.
- Results: Studies of the gastric microbiome and the identification of a diverse community of microorganisms in the gastric resulted from the 1982 discovery of H. pylori, which called into question the sterile gastric theory. Most bacteria cannot survive in the acidic environment of the gastric; however, certain colonized persons may have gastric achlorhydria due to an H. pylori infection, which may result in changes to the gastric microbiota. Changes in the microbiota, or dysbiosis, have been connected to a number of illnesses, most notably cancer. The development of gastric cancer can be greatly influenced by the complex interactions among microorganisms, such as the gut, oral, and gastric microbiomes.
- Conclusion: Generally speaking, more research is required to offer fresh perspectives on the detection, avoidance, and management of gastric cancer. Furthermore, the design of clinical studies pertaining to the interaction between the genomes of the human host and the gastric microbiota may be of interest and reveal the signaling pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of gastric cancer.
- Keywords: Gastric cancer, Gastric microbiome, Helicobacter pylori
