• info@icbcongress.com
• English
• Persian

• Login

Create Free Account

INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF

CancerGenetics

• Molecular advances in the detection and management of the most common cancer among women over the past three years

• Zahra Hesam,^1,* Mohammad Mahdi Nasr Esfahani,² Mohammad Mehdi Heidari,³
  1. Yazd University
  2. Yazd University
  3. Yazd University
  
  
  
• Introduction: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women globally and ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in this demographic, with over 1 in 10 new diagnoses occurring annually. This condition presents a significant challenge within the global health landscape, as more than 2 million individuals are diagnosed with new cases each year. Various environmental factors influence the development of this cancer, age, history of menstruation and childbirth, breast characteristics, alcohol and tobacco use, alongside genetic factors like the tumor suppressor genes BRCA1/2. Epidemiological research indicates that 5-10% of breast cancer cases are linked to genetic factors, while 20-30% are associated with modifiable risk factors. This study examines the most significant and recent treatment advancements from the past three years, focusing on targeted therapies, PARP inhibitors, and innovative surgical techniques.
• Methods: This study was conducted via an exhaustive literature search of peer-reviewed articles index in PubMed , Scopus and web of science databases spanning from 2023 to 2025. The focus was on Phase III clinical studies, validated treatment protocols, and meta-analyses as the criteria for inclusion.
• Results: Inavolisib, Datroway, and Imlunestrant serve as first-line therapies for metastatic HER2-/HR+ cancers. Inavolisib targets mutated PIK3CA and, when combined with fulvestrant and palbociclib, enhances patient survival while delaying disease progression. Datopotamab deruxtecan-dlnk (Datroway) functions as an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that transports cytotoxic agents directly to tumor cells, thereby improving progression-free survival and overall response rates. Elacestrant (Korsedu) is a selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) specifically designed for treating HER2-/ER+ breast cancer with mutations in the ESR1 gene, which are linked to disease progression and reduced survival rates. Capivasertib (Truqap), a powerful AKT kinase inhibitor, is administered to patients with HER2-/HR+ who have activating mutations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. When used in conjunction with Fulvestrant, it can potentially double the duration of progression-free survival by inhibiting AKT-mediated oncogenic signaling. ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla) is utilized in early-stage HER2+ patients after surgery, achieving 97% disease-free survival rate. In metastatic setting,it is following progression on Trastuzumab. Fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki (Enhertu) is indicated for patients with HER2+/ HER2-low metastatic breast cancer. Additionally, drugs like Vepdegestrant, which belong to the SERD class, show potential in treating advanced HER2-/ER+ breast cancer. For patients with BRCA1/2 mutations, novel PARP inhibitors such as Olaparib (Lynparza) and Talazoparib (Talzenna) selectively target cancer cells that are deficient in HR DNA repair mechanisms, leading to synthetic lethality. Significant advancements in tumor detection and identification technologies have been achieved through experimental techniques and next-generation sequencing. For instance, the integration of liquid biopsy with high-throughput sequencing technology, along with the application of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) for the early detection of disease recurrence prior to the manifestation of clinical symptoms, has been the subject of clinical trials, facilitating earlier and more tailored interventions. Artificial intelligence (AI) holds significant promise in clinical oncology for the early identification of tumors, risk evaluation, and medical guidance. Moreover, notable advancements have been achieved in surgical techniques. For instance, in the initial phases of breast cancer, the combination of lumpectomy with hypofractionated radiotherapy has improved treatment efficacy and patient quality of life. In the realm of breast reconstruction, innovative methods such as the DIEP Flap and biological mesh matrices have produced superior aesthetic and functional results.
• Conclusion: Recent advances in breast cancer treatment indicate a shift toward personalized medicine and reduction of multimodal therapeutic approaches-including surgery, systemic therapies, and radiotherapy-has contributed significantly to improved clinical outcome. However, major challenges remain, including unequal access to novel therapeutics, the high cost of some targeted agents, and the pressing need for more accurate identification of predictive biomarkers to stratify treatment response. Data analysis indicates that the incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer have decreased in developed nations, while in developing countries, these rates have risen. This disparity likely reflects evolving risk factor profiles alongside varying availability and utilization of early detection and timely treatment services for breast cancer. This underscores the imperative of establishing global equity in access to advanced diagnostics and effective therapeutic interventions to ultimately reduce breast cancer burden worldwide.
• Keywords: Breast cancer, Targeted therapies, Antibody-drug conjugates, liquid biopsy