INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF
CancerGenetics
Epigenetic Alterations in Hereditary Cancers: Implications for Precision Oncology
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Mehrsa Karim,1 Mina Shirmohammadpour,2 Bahman Mirzaei,3,*
1. Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
2. Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
3. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, West Azerbaijan, Iran
- Introduction: Hereditary cancers, resulting from germline mutations in tumor suppressor genes such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and MSH2, have traditionally been associated with genetic alterations. Recent research, however, highlights the significant role of epigenetic modifications—specifically DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA expression—in the initiation, progression, and therapy resistance of these cancers. This review aims to elucidate the interplay between genetic and epigenetic factors in hereditary cancers, emphasizing their implications for personalized treatment strategies.
- Methods: A comprehensive review of literature published between 2016 and 2024 was conducted using databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies focusing on epigenetic alterations in hereditary cancer syndromes, their impact on gene expression, and therapeutic responses were analyzed.
- Results: Epigenetic silencing of DNA repair genes, such as MLH1 and MSH6, through promoter methylation has been observed in various hereditary cancers, leading to microsatellite instability and increased mutagenesis. Additionally, aberrant expression of microRNAs, including miR-21 and miR-155, has been linked to the downregulation of mismatch repair proteins, contributing to tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. These epigenetic alterations not only affect tumor biology but also influence the efficacy of targeted therapies and immunotherapies.
- Conclusion: Understanding the epigenetic landscape of hereditary cancers is crucial for developing effective, personalized treatment approaches. Integrating epigenetic profiling into clinical practice may enhance therapeutic outcomes and provide new avenues for intervention.
- Keywords: hereditary cancers, DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, precision oncology
