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INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF

CancerGenetics

• The Role of the Human Microbiome in Cancer Development and Therapy Response

• Mehrsa Karim,¹ Mina Shirmohammadpour,² Bahman Mirzaei,^3,*
  1. Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
  2. Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
  3. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, West Azerbaijan, Iran
  
  
  
• Introduction: The human microbiome, encompassing trillions of microorganisms residing in and on the body, has emerged as a pivotal factor in cancer development, progression, and therapeutic response. Recent studies have elucidated the microbiome's influence on tumor biology through mechanisms such as modulation of immune responses, metabolic pathways, and direct interaction with tumor cells. This review aims to synthesize current research on the microbiome's role in cancer, emphasizing its impact on treatment efficacy and resistance, and exploring potential therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiome.
• Methods: A comprehensive review of literature published between 2016 and 2024 was conducted using databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies focusing on the gut and tumor-associated microbiota, their interactions with host cells, and their effects on cancer therapies were analyzed.
• Results: Emerging evidence indicates that the microbiome can influence cancer therapy outcomes by modulating immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy, affecting chemotherapy metabolism, and contributing to treatment resistance. Specific microbial taxa have been associated with improved or diminished responses to various cancer treatments. Additionally, interventions such as fecal microbiota transplantation and dietary modifications have shown promise in restoring beneficial microbial communities, thereby enhancing therapeutic responses.
• Conclusion: The microbiome represents a dynamic and modifiable component influencing cancer pathogenesis and treatment outcomes. Understanding its complex interactions with host biology offers new avenues for personalized cancer therapies. Further research is essential to translate these insights into clinical practice, optimizing treatment strategies through microbiome modulation.
• Keywords: microbiome, chemotherapy resistance, fecal microbiota transplantation, personalized oncology