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  • Cutaneous Angiosarcoma in an Afghan Hound: Clinical Pitfalls of Chemical Cauterization, Surgical Management, and Genomic Perspectives in Comparative Oncology

  • Amjad Salimi,1 Elnaz Karbaschian,2,*
    1. Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kurdistan University , Kurdistan, Iran
    2. Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran


  • Introduction: Angiosarcoma (hemangiosarcoma) is an aggressive malignant vascular neoplasm originating from endothelial cells, characterized by high metastatic potential and a poor prognosis. Comparative genomic profiling has identified recurrent driver alterations in key signaling pathways most notably PI3K/AKT/mTOR, TP53 tumor suppressor inactivation, and dysregulated VEGFR/KDR angiogenic axes underlying genomic instability and breed-associated predispositions. This report presents a clinical case of cutaneous angiosarcoma, evaluates the hyper-proliferative response triggered by silver nitrate chemical cauterization within a pro-angiogenic microenvironment, and discusses the therapeutic value of aggressive surgical cytoreduction within the framework of comparative oncology and targeted genomics.
  • Methods: Case Presentation A 10-year-old intact male Afghan Hound presented with a progressively pruritic, nodular, and ulcerated cutaneous lesion in the left zygomatic region (3–4 cm suborbital). Prior to definitive histopathological diagnosis, the lesion underwent local chemical cauterization using a silver nitrate pencil. Contrary to therapeutic intent, this intervention provoked severe local inflammation and rapid accelerated tumor expansion. The patient subsequently underwent wide surgical excision with clean margins. Histopathological evaluation confirmed the definitive diagnosis of cutaneous angiosarcoma. Despite thoracic radiography revealing evidence of early pulmonary metastasis, complete primary tumor resection achieved effective local disease control, eradicated localized morbidity, and substantially restored the patient’s quality of life.
  • Results: linical and histopathological assessments confirmed a high-grade cutaneous angiosarcoma characterized by invasive pleomorphic endothelial proliferation and extensive microvascular disruption. Notably, chemical injury induced by silver nitrate application triggered an acute necrotic stress response, leading to fulminant neoplastic acceleration. This was driven by a marked microenvironmental cascade involving pro-inflammatory cytokine surge, robust HIF-1α induction, and enhanced downstream VEGF-mediated angiogenic signaling. Despite subsequent distant metastatic spread, complete surgical resection achieved immediate local disease control and tissue preservation.
  • Conclusion: This case highlights that radical surgical resection remains a crucial cornerstone for local tumor control, tissue preservation, and symptom alleviation, even in the presence of metastatic disease. Importantly, the fulminant neoplastic response to chemical necrotic stress emphasizes the need for caution when applying localized caustic treatments to genetically unstable vascular lesions. Translationally, the striking molecular and histopathological homology between canine and human angiosarcomas reinforces the value of comparative oncology. Exploiting shared driver mutations (particularly within the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and angiogenic receptor tyrosine kinase cascades) through next-generation molecular profiling offers a compelling rationale for tailoring targeted therapies, bridging the gap between benchside genomics and personalized precision oncology in both species.
  • Keywords: Cutaneous Angiosarcoma, Comparative Oncology, Cancer Genomics, PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway, Surgical Margi

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