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  • Mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes as a potential carrier of non-coding RNA in cancer therapy

  • Sorayya Ghasemi,1,* Farshad Ebrahimi Boroujeni,2
    1. Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
    2. Rahmatieh, University of medical science, faculty of medical science, department of medical Genetics


  • Introduction: Cancer therapies, such as surgical therapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, are associated with therapeutic limitations due to the numerous side effects of these approaches. Targeted therapy has been considered an efficient approach in cancer therapy due to its safety and high efficiency. In this way, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exos) are potential tools in targeted therapy owing to their stability, low cost, tumor-targeting capacity, immune compatibility, low toxicity, and their capability to deliver drugs, nanoparticles, and nucleic acids. In this review, the impacts of MSC-exos as noncoding RNA carriers for cancer therapy are evaluated.
  • Methods: The keywords, including mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, non-coding RNAs, cancer therapy, and related terms, were utilized to search PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for relevant articles published until September 2026, with a language limitation to English results. The related articles were considered.
  • Results: MSC-exos are currently being investigated as carriers for non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including lncRNAs and miRNAs, and are being studied for their promising therapeutic potential in cancer. Two miRNA-based strategies are available to modulate target gene expression for therapeutic purposes: (a) miRNA suppression therapy for downregulated target genes and (b) miRNA replacement therapy for upregulated target genes. The role of miRNAs transported by MSC-exos for tumor treatment is controversial, as some studies suggest they promote tumor growth while others indicate they inhibit it.
  • Conclusion: Recent findings reveal that MSC-exos can transport therapeutic ncRNAs in various cancers, making this approach promising for cancer treatment. While MSCs show anticancer properties, evidence about their role in tumor growth remains conflicting. Therefore, their potential in tumor progression should also be considered. The existing data on the mechanism of action remain inadequate, so further studies are needed to uncover the underlying mechanisms.
  • Keywords: Cancer, MSC-exos, ncRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs

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