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  • The Role of Probiotic Yogurt Containing Butyrate Producing Strains in Mitigating Chronic Inflammation and Reducing the Risk of Colon Cancer

  • Mansoureh Taghizadeh,1,*
    1. Halal Research Center of IRI, Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran


  • Introduction: Chronic intestinal inflammation is a well established risk factor for the onset and progression of colon cancer. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota impairs epithelial barrier integrity, promotes oxidative stress, and drives the overproduction of pro inflammatory cytokines—conditions that create a microenvironment conducive to tumor initiation. In recent years, dietary interventions aimed at restoring microbial balance have gained significant attention as complementary strategies for cancer prevention. Probiotic yogurt enriched with butyrate producing bacterial strains, such as Lactobacillus plantarum, Clostridium butyricum, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, offers a promising approach due to its potential to elevate luminal butyrate levels. Butyrate, a key short chain fatty acid (SCFA), exerts potent anti inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti proliferative effects in the colon. Despite growing research into SCFA producing probiotics, the specific impact of butyrate enriched probiotic yogurt on inflammation modulation and colon cancer risk reduction has not been fully synthesized. The objective of this study is to systematically assess current evidence regarding the role of probiotic yogurt containing butyrate producing strains in mitigating chronic inflammation and lowering colon cancer risk, with emphasis on molecular pathways, gut microbiota reshaping, and translational implications.
  • Methods: A comprehensive systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase for studies published between 2005 and 2025. Search terms included “probiotic yogurt,” “butyrate producing bacteria,” “short chain fatty acids,” “colon cancer prevention,” “chronic inflammation,” and “gut microbiome modulation.” Both in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as randomized clinical trials, were eligible for inclusion if they (1) investigated yogurt formulations containing butyrate producing strains, (2) assessed inflammatory biomarkers, epithelial integrity, or tumorigenesis, and (3) reported measurable outcomes related to butyrate production or microbiota composition. Data were extracted on probiotic strain type, yogurt matrix characteristics, dosage, intervention duration, outcome variables, and underlying mechanisms identified. Due to heterogeneity across study types, results were synthesized qualitatively.
  • Results: The reviewed studies consistently demonstrated that consumption of probiotic yogurt enriched with butyrate producing strains leads to a significant increase in colonic butyrate concentration. This rise in butyrate was strongly associated with decreased expression of pro inflammatory cytokines such as TNF α, IL 6, and IL 1β, accompanied by increases in anti inflammatory mediators like IL 10. Mechanistically, butyrate inhibited the NF κB signaling pathway, reduced oxidative stress through enhancement of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx), and promoted tight junction repair via upregulation of occludin and claudin proteins. Several in vitro studies reported that butyrate exposure induced apoptosis in colon cancer cell lines through activation of caspase 3 and suppression of histone deacetylases (HDACs), particularly HDAC1 and HDAC3. Animal studies further demonstrated that probiotic yogurt supplementation reduced colonic inflammation scores, decreased aberrant crypt foci, and suppressed tumor incidence in chemically induced carcinogenesis models. Notably, yogurt consumption reshaped the gut microbiome by increasing the abundance of beneficial SCFA producing taxa while decreasing pathogenic species associated with inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal carcinogenesis. Human clinical trials, although fewer in number, reported improvements in stool SCFA profiles, reduced intestinal permeability, and decreased serum markers of systemic inflammation in at risk populations, including individuals with metabolic syndrome or mild colitis. Across studies, the yogurt matrix was shown to enhance bacterial viability and SCFA bioavailability compared to capsule based probiotic formulations.
  • Conclusion: Current evidence strongly supports the role of probiotic yogurt containing butyrate producing strains in reducing chronic intestinal inflammation and lowering the risk of colon cancer. The health benefits appear to be mediated through multiple complementary mechanisms, including enhanced butyrate production, suppression of inflammatory signaling pathways, reinforcement of epithelial barrier function, and modulation of gut microbial diversity. Although preclinical results are highly promising, further standardized clinical trials are essential to determine optimal probiotic strain combinations, dosing strategies, and long term preventive outcomes. Incorporating butyrate enriched probiotic yogurt into dietary practices may represent an accessible, safe, and biologically effective strategy for colon cancer prevention and inflammation management.
  • Keywords: Probiotic Yogurt, Butyrate-Producing Bacteria, Chronic Inflammation

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